Amanita muscaria -- a.k.a. Fly Agaric
Even though bright red amanitas appear to be dressed for
Christmas, I never thought of them as ‘the Christmas Mushroom’ until I started
reading about them. If you Google for
images of ‘Christmas mushroom,’ you’ll find all kinds of quaint drawings,
cards, and ornaments featuring this beautiful mushroom. The images are quite charming. This mushroom is especially popular because
it is supposed to bring good luck. Some
even believe the colors of Santa Claus’ suit were inspired by these
mushrooms.
I also learned there is a common name for Amanita muscaria – ‘fly agaric,’ so
named because it used to be used as an insecticide when sprinkled on open containters
of milk. Way back about 1256 Albertus
Magnus documented its use in his “De Vegetabilibus.” For some reason I think ‘fly agaric’ sounds gooey and squishy so I'll stick with 'Amanita muscaria.’
I grew up thinking all amanitas are deadly poisonous – some
of them certainly are, but this mushroom seldom
is. Note ‘seldom.’
The best mushroom books warn people about trying any amanita. In my mind they are all toxic. And if you see another animal eating one,
remember they have different digestive systems than we do.
The first time I wondered how poisonous the red amanitas are,
was years ago at our local craft fair. I
was selling notecards and among them I had an Amanita muscaria. The card was black and white, but the
distinctive white spots quickly identified it as Amanita muscaria. We have a lot of hippie types around
here. One of them came up to my booth
and winked at me. He said something
like, “Pretty cool mushroom, isn’t it?”
I’m immediately sensed there was more to this mushroom than I
realized……, but tripping out isn’t my idea of pleasure, so I just passed it off
as an interesting comment.
Sometime later I verified these amanitas are sometimes used
for their hallucinogenic effects, but that bit of information is pretty dull
compared to the whole story. They are
also used as an entheogen. In case you
are wondering, I never heard of that word either. An entheogen is a chemical substance used in
a religious, shamanic, or spiritual context (my thanks to Wikipedia). This is where it gets interesting.
There is a long history of people in Sibera eating Amanica muscria. In some parts imbibing in Amanita muscaria was limited to use by
Shamans, but in other parts laypeople knew a good thing too. The mushroom needs careful preparation,
probably to reduce their toxic properties, and then were eaten by the shaman. He enjoyed a trace state ….. and then
collected his urine for the next person!
His urine may even have been more potent than the first dose. And so it went. The urine was collected again and again; up
to five times! That tid bit of
information comes from Filip Johann van Strahlenberg, a Swedish prisoner of war
in the early eighteenth century.
Other people in Siberia found a similar way to trip
out. They watched for the bright yellow
stains of caribou urine in the snow.
Caribou like Amanita muscria
too. Drinking that yellow snow works
too. Another, recent, report by Andy
Letcher describes how reindeer herders feed their reindeer Amanita muscaria, collect the urine, boil it, and trip out drinking
that. See http://andy-letcher.blogspot.com.au/2011/09/taking-piss-reindeers-and-fly-agaric.html
Hummmmm. I think I
stick to a little white wine or egg nog and brandy, and while I look forward to it I’ll relate one other bit of
information about Amanita muscria.
While researching this post I stumbled upon “Spore Prints: Bulletin of the Puget Sound Mycological Society, #511" ……and there was my
artwork of a chickaree (a western cousin of the red squirrel) eating an Amanita muscaria …. the toadies never gave me a credit for
my art work, nor did they bother to ask to use it. I guess it’s my Christmas present to
them. (I did get an apology and maybe
the credit will be forthcoming.) This time I'm posting it with my name on it!
I do hope the chickaree enjoyed his dinner.
And now I'll end by saying
Merry Christmas!
